No. ClojureScript emits ES3 JavaScript. The benefits of using ES6 features are small and none of the syntactic features would change anything. Only WeakMap/WeakSet and maybe Proxy could be useful. Everything else we can already do (or use directly).
The CLJS datastructures do not benefit by JS datastructures in any way. For the most part the CLJS datastructures however implement the JS datastructure “read-only” interface where applicable. So if some JS code expects a Map you can pass it a CLJS Map since that supports .get, .has, .forEach and a few others.
Fun fact: There is an ancient React issue to use the Map interface for props which would make CLJS interop easier given that we wouldn’t need to convert props. That never went anywhere though. If anything it is the JS world that would need to adopt more ES6 features, not CLJS.