He @borkdude,
Java is a really interesting case. The JVM’s semantics are very dynamic. There’s an object model with methods, etc, and the types can be hinted but it’s mostly dynamically dispatched methods. But there’s very little type system in the semantics of the JVM. However, the Java language is intrinsically typed. Type correctness is an important aspect of the semantics of the language. Kotlin and Scala definitely are intrinsically typed as well.
It’s a good question. The way I see it, extrinsically typed means the types can exist, but outside of the semantics of the language. For instance, they can just be in the programmer’s mind, or in a comment, or in a type system imposed externally.
So in that sense, I’d say that any dynamically typed language (or if you prefer, untyped language) is extrinsically typed. A Python programmer does think in types and has some notion of type safety and reasoning about types. So does a JavaScript programmer.
Eric